Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC): Cannabis sativa-Role of Phytocannabinoids
1 Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India.
2 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India.
3 Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, Mysore- 570015, Karnataka State, India.
4 Department of Biosciences, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri- 574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India.
5 Department of Business Management, Azerbaijan State Economy University (ASEU), 6 Istiglaliyyat Street, AZ 1001 Baku, Azerbaijan.
6 Ward Herbarium, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa.
7 Department of Biochemistry, The Oxford College of Science, 17th, 32, 19th Main Rd, Sector 4, HSR Layout, Bengaluru- 560102, Karnataka State, India.
8 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, MS Ramaiah College of Arts, Science & Commerce, 7th Main Rd, MSRIT, MSR Nagar, Mathikere, Bengaluru- 560054, Karnataka State, India.
9 Department of Chemistry, Environment and Food, Federal Institute of Amazonas, Campus Manaus Centro, Amazonas, Brazil- 69020-120.
Review
World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 2024, 17(03), 140–179.
Article DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0113
Publication history:
Received on 22 January 2024; revised on 05 March 2024; accepted on 08 March 2024
Abstract:
This review paper highlights the role of phytocannabinoids in controlling triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a specific subtype of breast cancer that does not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), which has clinical features that include high invasiveness, high metastatic potential, proneness to relapse, and poor prognosis. TNBC is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer that is often associated with poor patient outcomes because of the development of metastases in secondary organisms like in the brain, bone, and lungs. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a kind of breast cancer that does not have any of the receptors that are commonly found in breast cancer. The highest number of TNBC cases has been recorded in India. Currently, TNBC is highly prevalent among Indian women and develops approximately 20% to 43% of all patients with breast cancer. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive malignancy that requires effective targeted drug therapy. Patients with TNBC develop metastasis and recurrence over time and have reduced survival compared to patients with other subtypes of breast cancer. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that phytocannabinoids exert important antitumor properties in the main breast cancer subtypes, particularly in TNBC, where different phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have shown interesting therapeutic actions. Neither CBD nor THC are universally efficacious in reducing cancer cell viability. Focusing on in vitro studies, the effect of CBD on cancer cell viability ranges from no effect, to a modest reduction, and to significant cytotoxicity depending on concentrations, cancer cell lines, cell growth conditions, the performed assays, and the time of CBD exposure. However, it should also be noted that research into the efficacy, dosage and drug safety of cannabinoids in tumor therapy still has a long way to go, especially with regard to human clinical trials to be conducted, through which alone the benefits and advantages for cancer patients but also possible risks can be defined.
Keywords:
Apotopsis; Breast cancer; Carcinoma; Cannabidol (CBD); Diagnosis; Phytocannabinoids; Triple-negative-breast-cancer (TNBC); Therapeutic target; Tumor
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